The Clinical Potential of MicroRNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play a pivotal role in regulating gene expression, influencing various biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Recent advancements in molecular biology have highlighted the potential of miRNAs as promising biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response in various diseases, particularly cancer. This paper explores the clinical significance of miRNAs, focusing on their role as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in different pathological conditions. It discusses the mechanisms through which miRNAs contribute to disease pathogenesis, their detection methods, and the challenges involved in translating miRNA-based diagnostics into clinical practice. Furthermore, the review examines the prospects of miRNAs as biomarkers for early disease detection, prediction of disease progression, and evaluation of treatment efficacy. By synthesizing current literature, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the clinical utility of miRNAs in personalized medicine and their future implications in improving patient outcomes.