Liquid Biopsy and Circulating Tumor DNA: Revolutionizing Early Cancer Detection

Abstract

Liquid biopsy, a non-invasive diagnostic technique, has emerged as a promising approach for early cancer detection. Among its many applications, the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) plays a pivotal role in identifying genetic mutations, tumor heterogeneity, and monitoring treatment responses. ctDNA, which is shed from tumor cells into the bloodstream, offers a unique opportunity for real-time cancer diagnostics, enabling clinicians to detect malignancies at earlier stages when intervention can be more effective. This paper explores the advancements in liquid biopsy technologies, focusing on ctDNA’s potential in early cancer detection, minimal residual disease monitoring, and assessment of therapeutic efficacy. By reviewing current research and clinical trials, we highlight the challenges, benefits, and future directions of ctDNA analysis in oncology. Liquid biopsy not only offers a less invasive alternative to traditional biopsy but also holds promise for personalized treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes.